[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":377},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-en-glossary":3,"articles-en":280},{"id":4,"title":5,"applies_to":6,"author":8,"body":9,"confidence":263,"description":264,"extension":265,"faq":266,"meta":267,"navigation":268,"path":269,"seo":270,"sources":271,"stem":276,"test_bike":266,"topic":277,"updated":278,"__hash__":279},"content_en\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fglossary.md","E-Bike Conversion Glossary: Terms Explained",[7],"all","fabio-gentsch",{"type":10,"value":11,"toc":251},"minimark",[12,16,21,34,40,50,56,60,70,80,84,90,96,109,119,123,135,141,151,155,161,171,175,185,195,205,215,221,227,231,238,244,248],[13,14,15],"p",{},"In shops and manuals you meet terms you will rarely have used before. Here are the most important ones, short and without jargon, so that you read data sheets correctly and do not fall for advertising figures. Where a value is described as \"usually\", it is a rule of thumb.",[17,18,20],"h2",{"id":19},"power-and-electricity","Power and electricity",[13,22,23,27,28,33],{},[24,25,26],"strong",{},"Rated continuous power:"," The power the motor may deliver continuously. It is what counts for legal approval, at most 250 W for pedelecs. Peak power may be higher for a short time. Many shops advertise the peak, so always look for the rated continuous power. For the legal side see ",[29,30,32],"a",{"href":31},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fpedelec-law","pedelec law",".",[13,35,36,39],{},[24,37,38],{},"Voltage (V):"," The electrical voltage of the system. On 250 W kits, 36 V is standard, 48 V is more common on stronger kits. Battery, controller and display must have the same voltage.",[13,41,42,45,46,33],{},[24,43,44],{},"Capacity (Wh):"," Watt-hours. Multiply volts by amp-hours: 36 V times 14 Ah gives 504 Wh. The figure says how much energy is in the battery and so determines range. More under ",[29,47,49],{"href":48},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fbattery","battery",[13,51,52,55],{},[24,53,54],{},"Amp-hours (Ah):"," The charge the battery holds. On its own it says little; only with the voltage do you get the capacity in Wh.",[17,57,59],{"id":58},"force","Force",[13,61,62,65,66,33],{},[24,63,64],{},"Torque (Nm):"," Newton metres, the turning force of the motor. Hub motors usually deliver 30 to 45 Nm, mid-drives 65 to 160 Nm. The higher, the stronger on hills. You can see the comparison of the types under ",[29,67,69],{"href":68},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fmid-drive-vs-hub-motor","mid-drive vs hub motor",[13,71,72,75,76,33],{},[24,73,74],{},"Torque arm:"," A part that stops the axle of a hub motor from turning in the dropout. More under ",[29,77,79],{"href":78},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Ftorque-arm","torque arm",[17,81,83],{"id":82},"sensors","Sensors",[13,85,86,89],{},[24,87,88],{},"Cadence sensor (PAS):"," Measures only whether you pedal, not how hard. It is cheap but feels like being pushed. PAS stands for pedal assist sensor.",[13,91,92,95],{},[24,93,94],{},"Torque sensor:"," Measures how hard you pedal and assists in proportion. That feels like a bought e-bike. It costs more.",[13,97,98,101,102,108],{},[24,99,100],{},"Speed sensor:"," A spoke magnet or a sensor inside the motor. Without it the kit cannot keep to 25 km\u002Fh (",[29,103,107],{"href":104,"rel":105},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.giga.de\u002Ftech\u002Fwer-billig-kauft-kauft-zweimal-diese-fehler-solltet-ihr-vermeiden-wenn-ihr-eurer-fahrrad-zum-e-bike-umbaut--01K0YYJEVGW05AE9TTBCPW0DAM",[106],"nofollow","GIGA",").",[13,110,111,114,115,33],{},[24,112,113],{},"Brake lever with cut-off:"," Switches the motor off immediately when you brake. With a cadence sensor this matters particularly, because otherwise the motor keeps running briefly. See ",[29,116,118],{"href":117},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fbrakes","brakes",[17,120,122],{"id":121},"electronics","Electronics",[13,124,125,128,129,134],{},[24,126,127],{},"Controller:"," The control unit. It regulates how much current the motor gets and knows limits such as 25 km\u002Fh. Bafang controllers can be configured with a programming cable and checked for 25 km\u002Fh (",[29,130,133],{"href":131,"rel":132},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.netzwelt.de\u002Fnews\u002F257770-fahrrad-e-bike-umruesten-systeme-gibt-ab-rund-500-euro-aufwaerts.html",[106],"netzwelt","). The Tongsheng TSDZ2 has free community firmware (OSF).",[13,136,137,140],{},[24,138,139],{},"Display:"," Shows speed, assist level and battery state and is used to set up the system. It must match the voltage and the controller.",[13,142,143,146,147,33],{},[24,144,145],{},"Higo and Julet:"," Two widespread connector styles on conversion kits. Higo is a waterproof round connector with an inline coupling, Julet a connector available with different pin counts. They are the most common source of faults: water, poor seating or kinked cables lead to dropouts. See ",[29,148,150],{"href":149},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fcommon-problems","common problems",[17,152,154],{"id":153},"legal","Legal",[13,156,157,160],{},[24,158,159],{},"Pedelec:"," A bicycle that assists only while you pedal, with at most 250 W rated continuous power and a cut-off at 25 km\u002Fh.",[13,162,163,166,167,170],{},[24,164,165],{},"Walking assist:"," Assistance without pedalling up to 6 km\u002Fh is allowed. A throttle that drives you beyond that is not (",[29,168,107],{"href":104,"rel":169},[106],"). Beyond that the bike is legally a motor vehicle.",[17,172,174],{"id":173},"mechanics","Mechanics",[13,176,177,180,181,33],{},[24,178,179],{},"Hub spacing:"," The distance between the dropouts into which the wheel is fitted. Usually 100 mm at the front, 130 to 148 mm at the rear. See ",[29,182,184],{"href":183},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fhub-spacing","hub spacing",[13,186,187,190,191,33],{},[24,188,189],{},"ETRTO:"," The standard for tyre and rim sizes. The second number on the tyre is the rim diameter in mm. See ",[29,192,194],{"href":193},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fwheel-sizes","wheel sizes",[13,196,197,200,201,33],{},[24,198,199],{},"Hub motor:"," A motor in the hub of the front or rear wheel. With a mid-drive the motor sits at the bottom bracket. The types compared are under ",[29,202,204],{"href":203},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fmotor-types","motor types",[13,206,207,210,211,33],{},[24,208,209],{},"Bottom bracket (BSA, Pressfit, BB30):"," The shell in which the crank axle runs. BSA is a threaded bracket (68 or 73 mm), Pressfit and BB30 are pressed in. See ",[29,212,214],{"href":213},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fmeasure-bottom-bracket","measure bottom bracket",[13,216,217,220],{},[24,218,219],{},"Friction roller:"," A drive that acts on the tyre with a roller. Light and removable, but with tyre wear and slip in the wet.",[13,222,223,226],{},[24,224,225],{},"Seat-tube drive:"," A motor that sits in the seat tube of the frame. It requires a straight seat tube of 31.6 or 30.9 mm.",[17,228,230],{"id":229},"anything-missing","Anything missing?",[13,232,233,234,33],{},"If a term turns up in a shop or manual that is not here, ask. Honestly, a dealer who cannot or will not explain technical terms is rarely the best choice. What a kit costs overall is under ",[29,235,237],{"href":236},"\u002Fen\u002Fknowledge\u002Fcosts","costs",[13,239,240],{},[29,241,243],{"href":242},"\u002Fen\u002Fconfigurator","Does a conversion fit your bike?",[17,245,247],{"id":246},"how-reliable-is-this","How reliable is this?",[13,249,250],{},"The speed sensor rule, the walking-assist limit and Bafang programming come from the linked sources. The value ranges for torque and voltage and the explanations of connectors and sensors are experience and assumptions that Fabio is still checking.",{"title":252,"searchDepth":253,"depth":253,"links":254},"",2,[255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262],{"id":19,"depth":253,"text":20},{"id":58,"depth":253,"text":59},{"id":82,"depth":253,"text":83},{"id":121,"depth":253,"text":122},{"id":153,"depth":253,"text":154},{"id":173,"depth":253,"text":174},{"id":229,"depth":253,"text":230},{"id":246,"depth":253,"text":247},"assumption","Rated power, volts, watt-hours, newton metres, PAS, torque sensor, Higo and Julet, controller and display: the glossary for e-bike conversions.","md",null,{},true,"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fglossary",{"title":5,"description":264},[272,274],{"title":273,"url":104},"GIGA: mistakes when converting to an e-bike",{"title":275,"url":131},"netzwelt: converting a bike to an e-bike","en\u002Fwissen\u002Fglossary","begriffe","2026-11-09","X7lJ58vg58qYOMILj_QNL3qavkY8eujF1sfTM0opRGw",[281,287,293,299,305,311,317,323,325,333,340,346,352,359,365,371],{"path":282,"title":283,"description":284,"topic":285,"applies_to":286,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fbattery","E-Bike Battery for a Conversion: Position, Space, Range","Where the battery fits on a converted bike, how to measure the space, what branded cells bring, real-world range and how to dispose of it.","akku",[7],{"path":288,"title":289,"description":290,"topic":291,"applies_to":292,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fbrakes","Brakes for an E-Bike Conversion: What You Need","Rim or disc, cut-off levers and sensors: which brakes are enough for a 250 W pedelec and when an upgrade is needed.","bremsen",[7],{"path":294,"title":295,"description":296,"topic":297,"applies_to":298,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fcoaster-brake","Coaster Brake and E-Bike Conversion: What Works","A coaster brake is the most common deal-breaker. Which motors work, where coaster-brake variants exist and when to leave it.","ruecktrittbremse",[7],{"path":300,"title":301,"description":302,"topic":303,"applies_to":304,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fcommon-problems","Common Problems After an E-Bike Conversion","Axle spinning, broken spokes, motor cutting out, jerky starts, fast chain wear: causes and fixes from everyday conversions.","haeufige-probleme",[7],{"path":306,"title":307,"description":308,"topic":309,"applies_to":310,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fconvert-bike-to-ebike","Convert a Bike to an E-Bike: Overview and Steps","What a conversion costs, which motor fits, what the law says and when you should buy a used e-bike instead. An honest overview from the workshop.","fahrrad-zum-e-bike-umbauen",[7],{"path":312,"title":313,"description":314,"topic":315,"applies_to":316,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fcosts","What Does an E-Bike Conversion Really Cost?","Cost items at a glance: kit EUR 400 to 1,700, brakes, tools, small parts. Plus the comparison with used and new (about EUR 2,500) and the cost calculator.","kosten",[7],{"path":318,"title":319,"description":320,"topic":321,"applies_to":322,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fframe-and-weight","Frame and Weight: Which Bike Suits a Conversion","Steel and aluminium are usually fine, carbon is not. Plus the magnet test, total weight, warranty and the wear parts to replace before converting.","rahmen-und-gewicht",[7],{"path":269,"title":5,"description":264,"topic":277,"applies_to":324,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},[7],{"path":326,"title":327,"description":328,"topic":329,"applies_to":330,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fhub-spacing","Hub Spacing and Axles for an E-Bike Conversion","How to measure hub spacing, quick release versus thru-axle, spreading 130 to 135 mm on steel frames and what to watch with dropouts.","einbaubreite",[331,332],"front","rear",{"path":334,"title":335,"description":336,"topic":337,"applies_to":338,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fmeasure-bottom-bracket","Measure Your Bottom Bracket for a Mid-Drive","How to measure shell width and bore of your bottom bracket and tell BSA 68\u002F73, Pressfit and BB30 apart. Step by step for a mid-drive motor.","tretlager-messen",[339],"mid",{"path":341,"title":342,"description":343,"topic":344,"applies_to":345,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fmid-drive-vs-hub-motor","Mid-Drive or Hub Motor: What Suits You?","Ride feel, hills, gears, installation and cost compared, with a clear guide to when a mid-drive and when a front or rear hub motor makes sense.","mittelmotor-oder-nabenmotor",[339,331,332],{"path":347,"title":348,"description":349,"topic":350,"applies_to":351,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fmotor-types","E-Bike Conversion Motor Types Compared","Front, rear and mid-drive motors, friction rollers and seat-tube motors compared: feel, installation, cost and which bikes suit which.","motorarten",[7],{"path":353,"title":354,"description":355,"topic":356,"applies_to":357,"confidence":358,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fpedelec-law","Pedelec Law: 250 W, 25 km\u002Fh and Walking Assist","What a conversion may do legally: 250 W rated power, assist only while pedalling up to 25 km\u002Fh, walking assist up to 6 km\u002Fh and what lies beyond.","pedelec-recht",[7],"source",{"path":360,"title":361,"description":362,"topic":363,"applies_to":364,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Ftools","Tools for an E-Bike Conversion: The List","Which tools you need for front, rear and mid-drive conversions and what kits usually lack, above all the lockring tool.","werkzeug",[7],{"path":366,"title":367,"description":368,"topic":369,"applies_to":370,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Ftorque-arm","Torque Arm: When You Need One","Why the axle of a hub motor turns in the dropout, when you need a torque arm and how to fit it.","drehmomentstuetze",[331,332],{"path":372,"title":373,"description":374,"topic":375,"applies_to":376,"confidence":263,"updated":278,"author":8},"\u002Fen\u002Fwissen\u002Fwheel-sizes","Wheel Sizes and ETRTO for E-Bike Conversions","Inches are unreliable, ETRTO is not: how to read wheel size off the tyre and avoid the 635\u002F622 and 406\u002F451 traps.","laufradgroessen",[331,332],1794254701426]